The brace, on the upper half, is where the user holds and turns it and on the lower part is the bit. It is a type of hand crank drill that consists of two parts as seen in the picture. It is uncertain when the Brace and Bit was invented however, the earliest picture found so far dates from the 15th century. The auger allowed for more torque for larger holes. While the pump-drill and the bow-drill were used in Western Civilization to bore smaller holes for a larger part of human history, the Auger was used to drill larger holes starting sometime between Roman and Medieval ages. This completely separates the inner stone or wood from the rest, allowing the drill to pulverize less material to create a similarly sized hole. This allowed a hole to be drilled while only actually grinding the outer section of it. The hollow-borer tip, first used around the 13th century, consisted of a stick with a tubular shaped piece of metal on the end, such as copper. It consists of a vertical spindle aligned by a piece of horizontal wood and a flywheel to maintain accuracy and momentum. The pump drill was invented during Roman times. The core drill was developed in ancient Egypt by 3000 BC. Over the years many slight variations of bow and strap drills have developed for the various uses of either boring through materials or lighting fires. The usage of bow-drills was widely spread through Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America, during ancient times and is still used today. The earliest evidence of these tools being used in Egypt dates back to around 2500 BCE. There are hieroglyphs depicting Egyptian carpenters and bead makers in a tomb at Thebes using bow-drills. Archaeologists discovered a Neolithic grave yard in Mehrgarh, Pakistan, dating from the time of the Harappans, around 7,500–9,000 years ago, containing nine adult bodies with a total of eleven teeth that had been drilled. Mainly used to create fire, bow-drills were also used in ancient woodwork, stonework, and dentistry. It was discovered that tying a cord around a stick, and then attaching the ends of the string to the ends of a stick (a bow), allowed a user to drill quicker and more efficiently. Bow drill (strap-drill) are the first machine drills, as they convert a back and forth motion to a rotary motion, and they can be traced back to around 10,000 years ago.
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